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THE MANNA5EH 






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The Mannaseh 



A Story of Mixed Marriages 

BY 
W. FORREST COZART 



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Price, 25 Cents 



For Sale by the 

STATE REGISTER PUBLISHING CO. 

Atlantic City, N. J. 



Copyright 1909 
BY W. FORREST COZART 






^ 




J 




SEP 4 1909 



CHAPTER I 



A STORY OF IMIXED MAERIAGES 

Joseph, having been sold into Egypt as a slave by his 
older brothers, was finally bought by Pontiphar who held 
the responsible position of chef cook to Pharoah, king of 
Egypt, and Joseph soon became the favorite with his mas- 
ter by his ready wit, beauty, honesty and faithfulness as a 
servant. He was educated in the Egyptian schools and as 
a further mark of favoritism he was set free, but retained 
as a servant to his former master. He was allowed better 
food than the slaves and given privileges, freedom and 
power not enjoyed by the slaves. 

Joseph was soon promoted to chief steward of the 
household over servants who had been in the service of the 
master much longer than himself, which position he filled 
with much prudence and satisfaction. Joseph's adminis- 
tration of his master's affairs, his deportment and his beauty 
had long since gained the admiration of his master "s wife 
and she fell desperately in love with him, but Joseph re- 
fused the advancement made to him by her and refused to 
reciprocate her love which so enraged her, she accused him 
falsely of trying to assault her. This she did in order to 
hide her own sin and to get revenge on Joseph for not 
yielding to her desires and demands. As a result Joseph 
was put in the malf actor's prison. 

Contrary to the usual custom of persons charged with 
a crime, Joseph made no attempt to defend himself, neither 
did he insinuate that he was being persecuted, but silently 
he submitted to the sentence given him and entered the 
prison and performed the laborious task assigned him thor- 
oughly without complaint. His manner of deportment and 
efficiency as a worker soon won the admiration and sym- 



pathy of the keeper of the prison. Joseph made a model 
prisoner and in a short time he was favored with lighter 
task and given better food than the other prisoners. 

• 

But after all of his goodness and the favors received 
he was compelled to remain within the confinment of the 
prison which made him a constant companion of the other 
criminals and at certain hours after their day's task was 
done, as such men usually do, they would all enter into 
a general discussion and explanation as to how each of them 
happened to be inmates of the prison and each one's case 
would be discussed Pro and Con. On such occasions 
Joseph's superior knowledge and manner of reasoning soon 
won the respect of his fellow prisoners. 

It was on one of the above occasions that one of 
Joseph's inmates being under the same bond with Joseph 
related a dream that caused him much anxiety. This man 
had formerly been a cupbearer to the king (Pharoah), but 
having gained the displeasure of his jnaster, was cast into 
prison. He related that he had seen in a dream three clus- 
ters of grapes hanging on three branches of a vine, the 
fruit was of the choicest kind such as is fit for a king, 
full ripe and exceedingly pleasing to look upon and ready 
to be eaten. He imagined that he squeezed the juice of 
the fruit into a cup which the king held in his hand, having 
strained the wine he gave it to the king to drink, who 
received it with much delight. He then asked Joseph to 
tell him what the dream meant. Joseph answered and 
said, "Be of good cheer and expect to be loosed in a few 
days as the king desired his service." At this interpretation 
the cupbearer rejoiced. Another inmate related his dream, 
he had been chief ])aker and was carrying three baskets 
upon his head, two with loaves and one with sweetmeats, 
fowls came along and devoured them all, he could not drive 
them away. Tn answer to his dream he was told by Joseph 
that he only had three days to live, as on the third day he 
Would ])v ciMicifii'd iiiid liis rciuiiins Avonld bo devoured by 



the fowls. According to Joseph's prophecy the butler was 
released and the baker was crucified on the third day. (Gen. 
39 & 40.) 

Joseph remained in the prison about two years after 
the departure of the cupbearer who had been restored to 
his old place'. It was hard as well as unfair to serve two 
years in prison for the deeds of another or rather one who 
dared to be honest and true, and yet many such sentences 
have been and are being served. But Joseph's genial dis- 
position and his excellent deportment had been the means 
of him rceiving special favors as a prisoner which greatly 
ameliorated his unfortunate lot and caused the two years 
to be much shorter than they would have been otherwise. 

Now the king had an alarming dream which caused 
him much anxiety and he seemed unable to get any rest 
until his dream was made plain to him, therefore he called 
together all the wise men of his court, related his dream 
and asked that it be interpreted, but for the first time 
these men seemed to be puzzled and not equal to the emerg- 
ency which greatly confused Pharoah and during the cru- 
cial moment the cupbearer remembered Joseph and informed 
the king and related what Joseph had told him and the 
chief baker, thereupon the King commanded that Joseph 
be brought in his presence, the King took him by the hand 
and related his dream and the perplexity and anxiety it 
caused him, Joseph faithfully and intelligently and with 
much impressiveness interpreted the dream, which greatly* 
pleased the king and relieved his mind. (Gen. 41.) Be^ 
lieving all that Joseph had told him, Pharoah asked by 
what means he could avert the great famine or provide for 
the same. Joseph again in his usual reasoning, impressed 
the King with his advices, maping out plans which the King 
adopted and appointed him chief collector and dispenser 
over the whole of Egypt. He was given power to use the 
King's seal, wear purple as a mark of his high office and 
royalty and was driven in chariots throughout Egypt while 
performing his duty. Joseph was now a man of much 



8 

authority, second only to the King, he went throughout 
Egypt taking care of the husbandmen not allowing anyone 
to escape, leaving only enough for feed and food. His 
rapid* rise and official acts were not understood, but as he 
was doing the King's bidding none dared to question him. 
Joseph was now a man of much honor and in great favor 
with the King who called him Pstham Pharoah, which de- 
notes "Revealer of Secrets." 

Although only thirty years of age and a foreigner, 
Joseph had become popular with the people as his authority 
and wisdom was recognized by even the so-called wise men 
of Egypt. He was received in the best of families, through- 
out Egypt, and being the real power behind the throne, 
met with no opposition. When he decided to take unto 
himself a wife, he married an Egyptian woman of very 
high qualities, a daughter of Petephresa, one of the priests 
of Heliopolis. She was a virgin by the name of Asenath 
and to this union were born two boys, Manasseh and Eph- 
riam. Joseph named his elder son Manasseh, which in 
Hebrew means "Forgetful." 

Joseph chose that name because at that time, being 
dictator of Egypt with a Pharoah and all the people at 
his command, he was in the position to forget the dreadful 
past even the great sin of his brothers who had conspired 
to take his life, but afterwards sold him as a slave, and 
because his heart was full of joy and forgiveness, he named 
liis first boy Manasseh as a token or living monument, or 
sacrifice of forgiveness and happiness, forgetting the past. 

He gave his second child the name of Ephraim which 
signifies "restored," having been sold, put into prison and 
after all freed aiul given complete citizenship and made the 
King's highest official. He felt at last that he was fully 
restf)re(l to the freedom of his forefathers. 

'I'he seven years of plenty having passed, Egypt and 
all the surrounding countries suffered a great famine. 
F.gypl licing llic only country prepared for the famine, soon 
bt'cunie the Mecca of foreigners who sougrit to buy corn 



9 



and strange to say beside feeding his own subjects Pharoah 
through Joseph, sold to all that came to buy. It was dur- 
ing this period that Joseph 's brothers came to buy food and 
was recognized by him. (Gen. 42.) 

The result of Joseph meeting his brother was the re- 
uniting of the whole family, seventy in number, all of whom 
at Joseph's solicitation took up their residence in Egypt, 
and Jacob, Joseph's father, and his sons were all welcomed 
by the Pharoah, who gave them special concessions at 
Heliopolis (city of On) where they lived. After living in 
Egypt for seventeen years and all this time seeing his son 
Joseph at the head of the government as the chief adviser 
and dispenser to the King, Jacob diid at the age of 150, 
not however, until he had called all his sons to him and 
foretold that all of them should possess the Land of Canaan, 
and asked of them as a special request that Manasseh and 
Ephraim be given a share of the land as two separate tribes. 
Jacob having died, his body was carried to the Land of 
Cannaan and buried at Hebron with great pomp and glory 
by Joseph, at great expense. 

It may seem strange how Joseph, a foreigner, couLi 
have risen to such power under the Pharoah, but it may not 
be so strange after all when we stop to think that after 
Abraham's visit to Egypt that country was over run with 
Israelites, and soon thereafter the Israelite shepherds or 
hysoks usurped the government and for nearly three hun- 
dred years were the rulers of Egypt. It may have been 
during the reign of the last Hysok king that Joseph be- 
came so powerful, or it may have been later at a period 
between the fall of Hysoks and the beginning of the Egyp- 
tian dynasty which enslaved all Israelites, at any rate it may 
be seen that Joseph's rapid rise is due to the fact that he 
happened on the spot at the physcological moment. 

After a long and useful life in Egypt, full of honor and 
fame, Joseph died at the age of 110 years. After the death 
of Joseph all Israelites in Egypt were made slaves and each 



10 

Pliaroah opprtssed them harder and harder until God sent 
I\ro.ses to lead them to the promised land. 

Moses came unto Pharoah with the command from God, 
"Let my people go." But God had hardened Pharoah 's 
heart and he refused to obey. After God had sent the sev- 
eral plagues. Pharoah allowed Moses to depart with all the 
Israelite slaves, which numbered about 600.000 besides 
women and children. 

Ik^fore the Israelites departed they exhumed the bones 
of Joseph and carried them into the Land of Canaan and 
buried them at Hebron. According to Jacob's request, the 
descendants of Joseph's sons, Manasseh and Ephraim ac- 
companied the Israelites to the land of Canaan. It appears 
that at the time of the exodus the descendants of Manasseh 
and Ephraim had greatly multiplied and like the other 
tribes had maintained a strict tribal marriage and thus 
when Moses had received the laws from God at Mt. Sinia, 
we find that the tribes of Manasseh like the others had 
multiplied to a very large number. After Moses had re- 
ceived the law and established the same among the Israel- 
ites, he called upon the leader of each tribe to count or 
make a census of their respective tribes and report the num- 
ber available for war. 

Up to this time the half tribe of Manasseh and Eph- 
riam had not, it seemed, been fully recognized by Moses as 
separate tribes, they at least had not been so designated by 
the great leader. 

Hut now Moses summons Manasseh and Ephriara and 
as the tribes of Levi had been made the source from which 
all the priests would be selected, Moses exempted the whole, 
tribe from war duty and .substituted in their places the half 
tribe of ^lanasseh. Likewise the tribe of Ephriam was as- 
signed to take the place of Joseph, and thus according to 
Jacob's' wishes the two sons of Joseph had been placed in 
line so as to receive equal share of the Promised Land. 

While Matiasseh and Ephriam were brothers it appears 
fh;it (ttdy Manasseh reared ,i hnll" Irihi' l)y marrying an 



11 



Egyptian woman, while Ephraim marriad an Israelite woman. 
After Moses had defeated the king Sion and possessed their 
land with richness, it -seemed that many thousand young 
Hebrews, led hy Zimri, the head of the tribe of Simeon, 
amazed at the beauty and richness of the Midian women 
took them as wives. This gross disregard of his laws and 
the boldness of Zimri in his defiance greatly angered Moses. 
The acts of Zimri so angered one Phineas that he slew Zimri 
in his tent at night. Others then made general assault on 
all the Hebrews that had married Midian women and killed 
both the Hebrews and their Midian wives. Soon after this 
outbreak a deadly disease destroyed all those left that had 
transgressed the marriage law or unlawfully lived with 
Midian women, and thus over 12,000 met death. (Num. 
31-15 to 46.) 

Moses then made war upon the Midians and defeated 
them with much loss, killing five kings and capturing many 
thousand beaves, sheep, asses, gold and silver and thirty- 
two thousand Midian virgins. This was Moses' punishment 
for immoral acts of the Midian women. 

Soon after this period Moses died and Joshua as the 
leader of the Hebrews waged war against the Canaanites 
until he had conquered thirty-two kings, and now being old 
he called the people together, reviewed their success, made 
knoAvn to them his intention to cease hostilities, and divide 
the land and enjoy the fruits thereof. 

This proposition was readily accepted by the people, 
the land was divided among the various tribes, nine in num- 
ber, and the half tribe of Manasseh. 

The half tribe of Manasseh was assigned that portion 
of the land from Jordan to the city of Dora, including 
Bashan, the former possessions of the Amorites, east and 
west of the Jordan, and as they had accumulated large 
herds of beaves, sheep and asses, this assignment was par- 
ticularly favorable and valuable to them for cattle raising. 

The tribe of Manasseh was industrious, and set at work 
at once and soon became prosperous. The Canaanites in 



12 



the surrounding countries and the Manassehs were soon on 
good terms which developed into mutual friendship and 
inter-marriages. 

It was through this section of the country that Joseph 
and Mary travelled with Jesus, when going from Galilee to 
Jerusalem to celebrate the passover. On their return Joseph 
and Mary had again reached this section before missing 
Jesus, who was now twelve years of age, when found was 
in the Temple asking and answering questions, etc. 



CHAPTER 11 

INTERNATIONAL MARRIAGES 
From the time of the building of the Tower of Babel, 
when God confused the tongues of the people, and sent 
them out to people the earth, down to the present day, 
nature through the handy-work of God has placed a stamp 
of disapprovel of the amalgamation of races. Notwith- 
standing the above restrictions, international marriages have 
been practiced from pre-historic times down to the present, 
nevertheless it is contrary to the laws of nature, a sin — a 
sin for which many nations in the past have atoned. 

It is true at times such marriages are quite beneficial 
to individuals and to nations, but they are only temporary 
benefits which can in no wise atone for the final result. The 
individuals are benefited financially and socially, they may 
end their career upon the popular wave of success yet they 
leave to their posterity problems as heritages which they 
are not able to solve, or overcome the conditions arising from 
the same. AVhat is true of the individual is also true of 
the nation or the crown heads that barter in such marriages. 
The financial and social ambitions may be gained or power- 
ful alliances may be consummated or blocked, and yet the 
day of reckoning must come when the early sins of inter- 
national marriages, like a gigantic weight fall like a dull- 
thud and beneath it crushes the individual or crown heads, 
and thus history records the failure of a nation or the fall 
of an empire. 

In tracing ancient history, we find ample proof of the 
above assertions. It is in ancient Egypt that we find the 
first striking example of the sequences of international mar- 
riages. The Hysok or Shepherd Kings who usurped the 
power of the Egyptians controlled that government for sev- 
eral centuries, were finally overthrown by Aalimes, who 



14 

belonging to the 18th. dynasty. Aahmes realizing the de- 
cline of the Egyptians, physically and mentally, and desir- 
ing to inocculate the veins of royalty with new blood, and 
at the same time form an alliance whereby the throne would 
be safe at least for a while, Aahmes looking around observed 
the warlike attitude and abilities of the Ethiopians, which 
were hovering along the frontier, fearing them as his next 
opponents, and desiring to form an alliance which would 
enable him to cope with any foreign foe, he married an 
Ethiopian princess, whom he named Nerfertari-Aahmes. or 
the good companion of Aahmes. 

Soon after the marriage with the aid of the Ethiopians, 
Aahmes drove out the last army of Hysoks and established 
himself on the throne. Within one hundred years after the 
marriage of Aahmes, the Egyptian Pharoah to the Ethiop- 
ian princess, we find Tothmes 1. Pharoah of all Egypt, 
and Tothmes was the grand-son of Aahmes and Nerfertari. 
Tothmes, is considered by historians to be the first great 
Pharoah of Egypt. In giving a description of him, George 
Rawlinson says: "The Ethiopian blood which flowed in his 
veins came from his grandmother, Nerfertari, and gave him 
vim and audacity, and showed his racial character in his 
countenance, where the short, depressd nose and unduly 
thick lips are of the Cushite rather than Egyptian." 

Tothmes was succeded by Tothmes III, Amen-Hotop and 
the great Seti, all of whom showed Ethioupian rather than 
Egyptian characteristics. 

Little did Aahmes realize what would be the conse- 
quences of his marriage to an Ethiopian. Not only did he 
rob the Egn^tians of the opportunity of having the honor 
of supplying the material for Egypt's greatest rulers, but 
in his mnrriage to an Ethiopian princess, laid the founda- 
tion making it possible in the next few centuries to be 
rulcnl l)y pure blooded Ethiopians. At a later period we 
find Shal)ak or Sabacos. a genuine Ethiopian, set up a 
dynasty of three kings, wlio ruled the whole of Egypt as 
well as that of Ethiopia, and this was the day of reckoning. 



15 

this the ultimate result of one international marriage, this 
the price of temporary supremacy paid by the Egyptians. 

Another case in the remote past may be mentioned, is 
that of David and Bersheba, the Canaanite woman, (2 Sam. 
11-12 to 15 & 12-24.) After ascending the throne Solomon 
married the daughter of Pharoah. This marriage was con- 
tracted for political purposes, as at a later date Isaiah, the 
prophet, referred to the government of Judea depending 
upon (Egypt) a broken reed. Among Solomon's three 
hundred wives and seven hundred concubines, were women 
of every tribe and natioji that had come under his in- 
fluence. Solomon being the son of a Canaanite woman, 
was of a dark complexion. Little did David know that 
when he transgressed the laws of Moses as inspired by God, 
and placed Bersheba, a Canaanite women in his harem, who 
became the mother of Solomon, that he was committing a 
sin that would ever be in evidence among his race, the 
Jews, the first blood showed the blood inheritance from 
the dark skin Canaanites, which they inherited from the 
house of David. 

In our day we have any number of imfortunate inter- 
national marriages contracted for the purpose of gaining 
social recognition at the courts of Europe or for the satis- 
faction of bearing the title of some family of nobility. 
America has become a great speculative field and rich 
American girls are often victims of degenerated nobility 
who exact large sums of money for an empty title. It 
often happens that if the title is one of note and closely 
related to some crown head, the American bride is not re- 
ceived into the exclusive society of royalty. It occasion- 
ally occurs that an American girl, imbued with true patriot- 
ism refuses to enter into such matrimony without being 
previously guaranteed that -1-- will be received on equal 
basis as other crown heads. 

In the last twentf-five years there have been several 
international marriages that have ended very unhappy, 
Avhich thourughly demonstrate the perils and the lack of 
domestic felicity by these marriages. 



CHAPTER III 



MIXED RACES 

The amalgamation of races is the direct cause of the 
world's greatest problem. This problem is not a new one, 
neither is it confined among any particular race or civiliza- 
tion, but has been and is now the burden or problem of the 
civilized world. 

A careful study of ancient history as well as modern 
history reveals the fact that mixed races are the reef upon 
which matrimonial ships of many nations have been partly or 
wholly wrecked. Mixed races or miscegenation has been 
the means of producing a serious problem that several na- 
tions are at this moment in a gigantic struggle, staggering 
under a ponderous weight for a genuine solution of the 
problem produced under the above circumstances. 

While there are other nations wrestling with this great 
evil, America no doubt is involved in the greatest race 
problem of modern times, and miscegenation has caused 
the most dangerous phase of the question, because it is rap-, 
idly changing a black race into a brown race, that has al- 
ready begun to measure arms, sinews, strength and brains 
with that of the white, and wherever given an equal oppor- 
tunity, has proven the white man's equal. 

Now the question arises, who is responsible for the great 
sin of miscegenation which in less than two centuries has 
produced conditions that are now menacing the supremacy 
of the white man ? The answer is, the white man. 

We know that when the Negro was first introduced into 
this country, he was a Simon pure African, with high cheek 
bones, thick lips, large feet, wooly hair, a mental faculty un- 
known, and perhaps under-estimated, but certainly unde- 
veloped, all of which was foreign to the American white 



18 



man. 



u»au We are told that at first only twenty of these Afri- 
cans were sold as slaves by a Dutch trading ship at James- 
town Va in 1619, or thereabout, and from these twenty 
Africans and others subsequently brought to this country, 
we now have a population of about ten millions, a popula- 
tion greater than seven European powers. From the very 
beginning the black slaves proved to be a profitable in- 
vestment, because he at once became adapted to his sur- 
roundings, and imlike other so-called inferior races, when 
carried away from their native land and colonized among 
a more advanced nation, they prospered and mutiplied. And 
as the years rolled by they became the chief laborers for 
the white man and with the white man's executive ability 
and the Negro's physical endurance and matchless obed- 
ience the ax was soon made to fell the great trees of the 
forests, the spade was made to dig the ditches which drained 
the marshes, the plow tilled the soil and agriculture develop- 
ment soon placed the rich soil of the Southland at the com- 
mand of slave master. 

The Negro slave was obedient and submissive, and as a 
tiller of the soil had proven a wonderful success which in- 
creased his value as chattel property. In 1860. the first 
twenty slaves introduced into this country and those subse- 
quently l)rought here had increased to the surprising num- 
ber of about three million. As slaves they were not al- 
lowed to learn to read and write, not even to learn to read 
the I'.ihlc. they were kept in ignorance of the Divine law 
as well as the laws of the government. Whatever they did 
or had doiic was by thr will and by the direction of the 
white man. and whatever condition of the slaves were up to 
this time the white man was certainly responsible for the 
same. From some remote date up to 1860 and even now in 
some localities the wliite man had committed one great sin 
tJM-y had been sowing, and truly the book of Holy Writ 
says, "Whatsoever you sow, that shall ye reap." and again, 
"He tiiat soeth the wu\d shall reap the whirlwind." 



19 



As already stated that these slaves when brought to 
this country, possessed all the characteristics peculiar to the 
African race, but after over two hundred years of servitude 
to the white man during which time the slave women be- 
came the prey of their masters or overseers, they were but 
temptations that appealed to the brute desire and gave im- 
pulse to that lower nature which man shares with all lower 
animals. Thus in the log huts of the slaves the white man 
committed the great sin of miscegenation and laid the 
future foundation which is now rapidly turning the black 
race itno a brown or mulatto race. This amalgamation 
transformed new, rich and active blood into the veins of a 
race that had been asleep, as it were in Africa, for thousands 
of years, but previously to their advent into the wilds of 
the dark continent, they were the lordly Ethiopians, who 
only a few centuries B. C. were the chief dispensors of 
civilization and rulers of Ethiopia and Egypt. The trans- 
fusion of the new blood with that of the old, caused an 
awakening, like the story of "Nioble," and even now the 
awakening has only begun. Such is the invariable nemesis 
of the unbridled lust in such sinful practices. 

The census of 1850 shows that there were 405-751 mulat- 
tos out of a total Negro population of 3,638,808. The census 
of 1860 shows that there were 588,363 mulattoes out of the 
total Negro population of 4,481,830. Thus it will be seen 
that in ten years, from 1850 to 1860, the total increase of 
the mulattos was 182,612 or in other words every sixth 
child born to the Negro population was a mulatto child. 
The census of 1870 shows that out of a total Negro popula- 
tion of 4.88(^009, there were 584,049 mulattoes, this is a 
decrease of 4,354 mulattoes from the total number of 
mulaattoes in 1860, and a decrease of 186,966 between 1860- 
70, which may be attributed to the civil war 1861-1865. 
The census of 1890 shows that out of a total 
number of Negro population of 7,470,040 there were 
1,132,060 mulattoes, which means that every seventh colored 
child born was a mulatto. In the state of Louisiana there 



20 

were 90,953 mulattoes. In Georgia 85,133, and in Missis- 
sippi 85,166. As startling as these enormous figures seems 
to be they are nearer the minimum than to the maximum. 
God in His divine wisdom, deemed it necessary to separate 
mankind, giving each his tongue and color, suitable to his 
environments, to each of these he gave sufficient knowledge 
to know that to break down these bars, disregard the line of 
demarkation set up by nature, would be a sin and does not 
the Holy Writ say that your sins will find you out, also that 
the wages of sin is death? He that soweth the wind shall 
reap the whirlwind. By miscegenation, the Negro intro- 
duced in this country has been transformed into a race that 
is distinctly Afro- American. About ten million in number, 
one-eighth of this population are mulattoes and one-half of 
the remaining number has more or less white blood in their 
veins. 

There are a great many Negroes who are so white that 
they cannot be identified by their color and there are at 
least six million of Negroes of various colors caused by the 
mixture of the whites and blacks. It can be plainly seen 
by the above that the principal of the grandfather clause is 
simply absurd and can never be enforced according to the 
law and at the same time produce the desired effect, pro- 
hil)iting the majority of Negroes from exercising their 
franehisoment. The very states that have introduced these 
measures should have been the last to introduce laws that 
would have caused any investigation of the Negro's grand- 
fathers. The Negro having been brought to this country 
by force, held in bondage by force, and by the same process 
have some of the best blood of the American people trans- 
foriiifd into liis ])l()od, until now the race contains one-third 
African and two-thirds American blood. The Afro-Ameri- 
can has demonstrated his capacity for civiliation, which is at 
par with that of the white man, this was made possible by 
the infusion of i-ich American blood and educational oppor- 
tiuiity. 



21 

The bringing of the African to this country, making 
him a slave, infusing Anglo-Saxon blood in his veins, his 
freedom and giving him an education has welded myriads of 
problems into one ponderous problem that now presents it- 
self to the white man for solution, shrouded in a thousand 
veils. How will the problem be solved? Can machinery 
be so mastered that a wheel within a wheel can be made to 
revolve in opposite directions without a general smash-up 
or damaging frictions? Can a nation exist within a nation, 
each as separate as the right hand from the left, and dwell 
together in peace and happiness? Can a government be 
established within a government, having one general law 
which means one thing for some men and something else 
for other men? Will triangle justice stand the test of 
civilation ? 

The very fact that Moses in his early life married an 
Ethiopian woman (Num. 12) but in later years made drastic 
laws against mixed marriages, which until this day are en- 
forced should be sufficient proof that mixed marriages, mis- 
cegenation or amalgamation of races is wrong and 
should not be practiced. God had reason for giving man- 
kind different colors, and he who tries to over-ride the law 
of God commit a sin, and surely their sins will find them 
out. 

It often happens that a man commits a great wrong 
trying to do good, sometimes they live to realize that they 
have made a mistake and many die unconscious of the fact 
that they have comimtted a wrong. Such men deserve 
pity and should be given credit for their good intentions and 
not too severely criticised for one wrong. 

Frederick Douglass was truly the Moses of the en- 
slaved Negro and is largely responsible for the work and 
sentiment which struck the shackles from the slaves and 
made them freemen. In later years Mr. Douglass con- 
ceived the idea that the best way to solve the Negro problem 
would be by amalgamation, therefore he advocatd mixed 
marriages and yet he evidently knew that those who at- 



22 



tempted to lead in such an undertaking would become tar- 
gets for myriads of opponents, but being honest and a brave 
man, he like a good soldier, went to the front and became 
one of the principals in a mixed marriage tragedy, a martyr 
to a cause he believed to be the true solution of a great 
problem. But alas, all great men make mistakes, and 
Frederick Douglass was not an exception to this rule. 
Frederick Douglass was indeed a great man, and I doubt 
whether or not without him. as an example of what the 
Negro would be, if given his freedom, sufficient influence 
could have been exercised at home and abroad to cause the 
slaves to be liberated. And yet with all his greatness this 
one act eclipsed all his other deeds and today the average 
white or colored man remembers him best, first and last be- 
cause he married a white woman. 



CHAPTER IV 



RESULTS OF MIXED MARRIAGES 

Following the example of Frederick Douglass, a large 
number of colored men married white women, such mar- 
riages were mostly performed in the east and western 
states, as the marriage of white and colored are prohibited 
in the folowing states: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Del- 
aware, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Okla- 
homa, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vir- 
ginia and West Virginia. 

While mixed manages never reached an alarming 
stage, there were several thousand such unions made. At 
first it was the wealthy colored men that choose white 
women. Pretty soon the poorer classes followed suit, and 
for several years such marriages occurred frequently, but 
after about 1890 these marriages became less frequent, until 
now such a marriage rarely ever is performed. One of the 
chief obstacles met with bj^ parties contracting these mar- 
riages was caused by the fact that as soon as a white 
woman married a colored man she became a social outcast 
among the whites, and while they were at first welcomed 
by a majority of the colored people, in a short time a strong 
and overwhelming sentiment developed among the colored 
people, condemning such marriages, and this was especially 
true among the colored women. This sentiment grew rap- 
idly and soon became prevalent. This had a tendency to 
drive out parties of mixed marriages from small cities and 
rural districts ,making them emigrate to lareg cities where 
they could better conceal their marriage relations. Such 
large cities as New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and 
other cities became the mecca of those w^ho believed in mixed 
marriages. 



24 

Even in these large cities the union by mixed marriages 
met the disapproval of both the white and colored citizens, 
and the misguided unfortunate who were silly enough to 
leave their race and marry one of the other race found 
themselves social outcasts, shunned and unrecognized, and 
dispised by both white and colored. 

The white woman who married the colored man was 
criticised, shunned and ostracised by the colored women 
even more than the outside world knew. I shall relate one 
or two instances along this line which will throw much 
light upon this subject. Some years ago in the city of 
Chicago I knew a colored man, a musician. He in some way 
became acquainted with a white girl by the name of Mable. 
George was a coal black man with a handsome set of ivory 
teeth, which were on perpetual exhibition. Just how 
George and Mable courted I know not, but at any rate they 
were legally married, and Mable was a clerk in a large 
department store until it was known that she had a black 
husband, then she lost her job. Mable secured other posi- 
tions, but would soon loose them. George played music in 
saloons and resort houses, always managing to spend or 
drink all he made. A year or so after they had been mar- 
ried and had lived around from place to place in the levee 
district, during which time they were social outcasts, even 
the denizens of the levee refused to associate with Mable. 
At last poor I\Iable became ill with the yphotid-pneumonia, 
and for several weeks suffered untold misery. It was about 
this tinu' one balmy spring day, I sauntered doAvn State 
street, and on reaching Harrison street I heard the noise 
of several children at play, and looking up the street I saw 
a school house, at the top of which floated a large new 
American flag, and was waving triumpliantly upon the stiff 
lake br(»eze. 

I walked leisurely down llarisou street, opposite the 
schoolliouse, where T stood for several minutes Avatehing the 
little urchins of all nationalities at play. The fate that 
white aii.i colder.! children attended the same school 



25 



and to see them play together in the same school 
yard, and seemingly with perfect peace was too 
interesting to let pass without looking on for a 
while longer. So I walked down to Third avenue 
(now Plymouth Place) crossed Harrison to Third avenue, 
leaned against the iron fence and watched the children play 
until the schol bell notified them that the recess was over, 
and I gazed at the last one as he marched in the school 
house. As I turned to walk away my attention was attracted 
by the loud talking of a colored woman, looking directly 
across the narrow street, I saw two men and a colored 
woman. The words of the colored woman interested me, 
and I paused to gaze at her as she walked away saying: 
" 'Deed, I ain't gwine down der to wait on no po white 
trash, don't care if she is sick; why don't yer go and git sum 
white pusson to wait on her." 

While delivering herself of these brief remarks she 
bowed and scraped and made many gestures. I walked 
slowly back to Harrison street, crossed to the opposite of 
Third avenue, and turned down the street toward the two 
colored men whom the woman had addressed. As I neared 
them I heard one say in a saddened voice: "Yes 'deed she 
is awful sick and I has no one with her down there," 
pointing down a dark and dilapidated stairway which led 
to a basement. My curiosity having been thoroughly 
aroused, I ventured to ask the two men who was it sick. 
"My wife," answered one of the men, and turning to his 
companion said "Come down and see her." They de- 
scended the rickety steps and strange as it may seem, I 
too followed them. Seeing that I was also accompanying 
them I was asked in a dark room scantily furnished, and 
near a small, dingy window ^tood a bed of ancient 
make and in the bed, lay a pale-face white girl apparently 
25 years old, dangerously ill. Her head was being tossed 
to and fro, evidently suffering great agony, her parched 
lips indicated that the fever aided by the poor sanitary 
conditions, filth and lack of proper care, was doing its 



26 



deadly work. As I gazed upon this poor unfortunate, mis- 
guided white girl, writhing in pain, deserted by the women 
of both races, I could not restrain a sympathetic tear which 
stole down my cheek. As I was about to leave I noticed 
her parched lips quivering, and heard in broken words her 
attempt to say something, and then her head would rock to 
and fro, and in half uttered words, scarcely above a whisper 
I heard her say: "For-thesun-shines-in-my-old-Kentucky- 
home. " 

The sight was too heart rending. I laid a silver coin 
in George's hand, and urging him to have the prescription 
filled at once, I hurried to Terra Firma and away, but that 
pitiful sight always haunted my vision. A iew days later 
while in one of the down-town hotels, I met George, again 
I laid a silver coin in his hands, as did all the colored em- 
ployes in the hotel, amounting to something over $20. 
This sum was donated to help bury Mable. About one 
year later, while going down State street, I noticed a col- 
ored man playing in front of a museum, and I recognized 
him as George, who was one of the leading attractions, and 
was advertised as "Prof. George "s One Man Band." 
George had rigged up a bass and snare drum, cymbals, gui- 
tar, and mouth harp and a few other minor musical instru- 
ments, out of which he was able to get enough music to 
make a hit. It being about his intermission, I waited and 
had a talk with him about Mable. "Yes,"' he said, "Poor 
Mable died, and T could not get a colored or Avhite woman 
to touch her for two days until T could collect money 
enougli to pay them to do it. AVhen she died I wired her 
people in Kentucky, asking what T should do with the re- 
mains, and the answer was "bury them." About six 
months late)- lu'?- brother and fnther came up here to have 
the l)ody exhumed and shipped -to Kentucky, finding that 
they could not accomplish tliis without my consent, they 
finally located me nCtcr sevcrnl day's search, and explained 
that they came al the urgent recjuest of Mable's dying 
mother. T cojisented. and the remains reached Kentucky 
before I lie nuitlK'i- died." 



CHAPTER V 



FOLLY OF MIXED MARRIAGES 
"Big Jim" was a railroad porter, running between 
Chicago' and Kansas City, Mo. 

Jim was a hustling porter and always went the limit, 
and quite often much further, in order to get the money, as 
money was the article he needed most, so that he might 
bolster up his braggadocio and to make his accustomed 
grand-stand plays. He would usually have from fifty to a 
hundred dollars on his return trip to Chicago, and with 
this wad he would make things hum in the tenderloin dis- 
trict, until his turn came to go out on his trip again. 

Jim was quite successful at making money, as well as 
spending it. However, his demand for coin grew to that 
state where only successful speculation would supply him 
witli the proper amoimt of "evergreen." 

Looking the field over, the Luoisiana Lottery seemed to 
be the only quick means for acquiring a "bmich" of money, 
so Jim bought a lareg number of tickets for each drawing. 
The Louisiana Lottery at that time was in its zenith, being 
the best paying business from the oempany's' standpoint 
in operation. 

Jim continued his operation for a year or more in the 
Louisiana Lottery, and finaly one day, while in Kansas 
City, he discovered while looking over the drawing that he 
had won a fifteen thousand dollar prize. 

Visions of a millionaire illuminated Jim's mind, and 
especialy the fact that he could have a joyous time in the 
tenderloin district of Chicago with white women. This 
gave him a greater anxiety to reach Chicago at the earliest 
moment. But having bought the ticket in Kansas City, he 
was compelled to remain there until he could collect the 
fifteen thousand dollars. 



28 

As son as the money came into his hand he engaged a 
special train to take him to Chicago. Upon his arrival there 
he proceeded to paint the to^ra red. After a few weeks' 
revelry in the glories of Third and Fourth avenues, Jim 
capped the climax by marrying a white woman. ^ 

He give his bride a ehampage bath which cost over a 
himdred dollars. He rented a house and furnished it up in 
elegant style; bought a spirited pair of horses, a fine 
carriage and hired a white coachman. 

His wife purchased several pets, such as parrots and 
white rabbits and often carried them in the carriage when 
she, Jim and the white coachman took a drive on Michigan 
avenue. It is needless to say that they were the whole 
show and became the laughing stock of all who saw them. 

As the old saying goes: "A fool and his money soon 
part," and the constant drain on Jim's pocket, all going ont 
nad nothing coming in, soon had its telling effect, and Jim 
disposed of his span of horses and incidentally his white 
coachman. He also moved in- a less expensive house, and 
still moving days came more often, until he found it more 
convenient to rent a furnished room. 

The saying.: "It never rains without it pours," seemed 
to be true with Jim. He also lost his white wife, and in 
less than eighteen months from the time he left, Jim again 
returned to the humble position of a sleeping car porter, a 
sad but a wiser man. 

Chicago soon became the mecca for colored men who 
desired to marry white women. At first it was a hard life 
as both parties would become social outcasts. But the 
rapidity of these mixed marriages increased to the surpris- 
ing number of about three thousand, and these soon formed 
a society among themselves known as the "Manasseh." 

The first requisite to become a member of this society 
was that a colored woman should have a white husl^and and 
a wliite woman should have a colored husband. While 
there were several colored women with white husbands, 
still there wore over ten to one white Avomon with rnlorpd 



29 

husbands. The Manasseh Society grew rapidly and gave 
house parties and balls, all of which were largely attended. 

In a few years members of the Manasseh had become 
so numerous until Manasseh No. 2 was organized and then 
;,he exclusive set of the more wealthy formed the "Manasseh 
Golden Circle." 

Frequent parties and balls were given under the auspices 
of these branches of the Manasseh, and at each it was ab- 
solutly necessary for a white woman to be accompanied by 
a colored man, and Vice-Versa to gain admission. 

That this unique society was formed and fluorished in 
Chicago for a number of years may be a surprise to some, 
but to others it is a well known fact. 

Some years ago, while engaged in newspaper work in 
Chicago, I accepted an opportunity to attend a masque 
ball, given by the Manasseh No. 1. The ball Avas given in 
a hall at the corner of Twenty-second and AVabash avneues, 
and was attended by about two hundred couples, all ap- 
propriately masqued. 

At 11.30 the grand march was formed, after which 
every one unmasked, and to my surprise I saw some of 
the most beautiful white women, costly gowned, and be- 
decked in real diamond. One woman wore at least twenty- 
five thousand dollars ' worth of jewelry, while scores of them 
wore from three to five thousand dollars worth. The fol- 
lowing program was carried out: 

ANNUAL LANCE 
Order of dances. 

1. Grand Entree M. G. C. No. 1 

2. Wailtz The Fraternity 

3. Two Step Welcome to All 

4. Berlin Manasseh 

5. Quadrille S. H. Valentone 

6. Two Step Honesty 

7. Scottische • A. Mills 

8. Quadrille Lanciers. 



30 



9. Two Step Are You Ready 

10. Waltz Amelia 

11. Berlin So Be It 

12. Schottische All Jolly 

13. Plain Quadrille Visiting Friends 

Intermission. 

14. Two Step Billy Barry 

15. Waltz Our Eminent 

1 6. Lanciers Look to Our Future 

17. Two Step Prof. Gales 

18. Versouvienna Kattie 

19. Chicago Glide. . . .Watch for Ladies' Court Annual Ball 

20. Our Captain General F. J. 

21. Extra Thank You 

22. Extra For Past Favors 

23. Good Night. 



CHAPTER VI 



A MIXED MARRIAGE TRAGEDY 
''Jeff" Waters was born in Moberly, Mo. In 1875 his 
parents removed to Chicago while he was quite small, 
and he was educated in the public schools in that city. 

Waters was a fine, handsome fellow, with pleasant man- 
mers, a ready and convincing talker, with a winning smile. 
He entered politics and won a local reputation as a 
stump speaker. He organized the Carter Harrison Colored 
Democratic Club of the First Ward in Chicago, and did 
much in helping Mr. Harison to win his memorial World's 
Fair Campaign. 

Waters was afterwards appointed janitor in a large 
wholesale house. This position he held several years until 
the outbreak of the Spanish-American war. 

Waters was an officer in an Illinois regiment, and his 
imposing figure, garbed in the gay uniform of his regiment 
was a familiar one in and around the building in which he 
acted as janitor. 

Being an officer, AVaters was usually successful in 
using his influence to have his company and often several 
companies march down the street where he was employed. 
Just across a narrow alley from the building in which 
Waters was employed, was a large factory which employed 
several hundred white girls. Among these, one Lucille, a 
fine looking blonde, in course of time became infatuated 
with Waters, and they were often seen getting in their little 
talk from their respective windows across the alley. 

About this time the Manasseh Society No. 2 gave a 
grand Masque Ball, and Lucille agreed to mask and meet 
Wateres at a designated place and accompany him to 'the 
ball. After this Lucille and Waters became frequent vis- 
itors in the mystic Manasseh circle. 



32 



Waters loved Lucille, and liis one great ambition was 
to make her his wife. To this Lucille agreed, and they wer.3 
secretly married by the minister who performed all mar- 
riages in the Manasseh Circle. 

Just at this time the war with Spain was declared and 
the regiment of which he was an officer, was ordered to 
camp and later sent to Cuba. Before leaving Chicago, 
Waters was assured by his employers that upon his return 
his old position would be open for him. 

John Charleston, a white man, was made head janitor 
in Water's place, and as the position paid a good salary, 
Charleston began to lay plans to retain the position. He 
imderstood that Waters was to have the place on his re- 
turn. , 
Capt. Waters accompanied his regiment to Cuba and 
was put in charge of a detachment of troops at Santiago, 
where he spent the summer. 

The marriage of Lucille and Captain Waters was kept 
a secret, therefore, Lucille was able to keep her position m 
the factory where she had been so long employed. 

Late in the fall Captain Waters came home on a fur- 
lough, and through the influence of his congressman, se- 
cured an honorable discharge from the army. It then be- 
came known that Lucille and he were married and that m 
a Aveek or so he would return to his former position. 

Charleston having been informed of this, he in a con- 
fidential way related to Waters many stories of misconduct 
on the part of Lucille and several white men during his 
absence. v 

By arrangement with a tough character he let Waters 
hear for himself some of the alleged accusations of Lucille. 
He also showed him a handkerchief with Lucille 's ^^litials, 
and claimed that the fair Lucille had given it to him as a 
token III" lit'T love. 

These stories maddened the brain of Waters, and like 
Othello, planned to kill Ihe fair Desdemona. 



33 



Returning- home late that night, and finding Lucille 
fast asleep, he smothered her to death. Waters was ar- 
rested, and it developed during the trial that Charleston 
and his accomplice, Bill Holt, had deliberately lied to Wat- 
ers on Lucille, with hope of entagling Waters, so he would 
not get his position back again. 

When Waters learned the whole truth from Charleston's 
lips and how he had been duped to kill his innocent wife, 
he was pale and shook with rage. 

Waters was put upon the stand to tell his story. He 
was cool and calm; he spoke with much deliberation. He 
told how Lucille, having seen him in his soldier uniform 
had complimented him; and in a note confessed her love 
for him; how they courted and wedded, and then sum- 
moned to war; he told how he had been ambushed and 
wounded near Santiago, and only the thought of Lucille 
had given him energy enough to survive the wound. He 
told of his record as a soldier and his honorable discharge. 
He told of his devotion to his country and the great love 
he had for its flag. He then with much sorrow told how 
he had been duped by Charleston's lies. He then exclaimed 
"I have lived an honest man imtil I was made a fool by a 
knave and a liar and I will never stand disgrace." 

There he paused, and snatching a razor from his vest 
pocket, cut his throat and died calling for Lucille, while 
the court and spectators looked on in horror and amaze- 
ment. 



CHAPTER VII 



FINIS 

In the preceeding chapters, I have noted what seems to 
be the dark side of the subject. This is because in all my 
researches, wide experience and much thought on the sub- 
ject, I have foimd no bright side. 

In view of the fact that the members of both races iso- 
ates those who enter into mixed marriages, the unsophis- 
ticated colored man or white woman who becomes a party 
to such marriages, might as well tie a mill-stone around 
their neck and drag it after them for the rest of their lives 
1 am sure they would be no more handicapped at this than 
they will be m their matrimonial adventure. 

At first, the majority of the colored race believed that 
amalgamation would benefit the race, therefore, they ap- 
proved of the same, but I find after an extended investi- 
gation, that only a very few now hold this idea. 

The fact of the matter is, the sentiment among the col- 
ored people is so strongly against mixed marriages, until 
such weddings are rarely performed, notwithstanding many 
states allow mixed marriages to be performed. 

It is a noticeable fact, that in states where mixed mar- 
riages are allowed, colored men pay little or no attention to 
white women, and attempts to rape or commit an assault is 
as rare, or more so, than weddings are between whites and 
negroes. 

Upon a careful investigation, it will also be seen that 
very few offsprings are to be foimd among the parents of 
mixed marriages, and if mixed marriages should become 
prevalent, it would mean race suicide. 

Amalgamation of the white and colored races in 
America is impossible. The line of demarkation is even now 
bemg more closely drawn and instead of mixing, the two 
races, are becoming more and more separated. 

As the Negro gains education and become more intel- 
ligent ,the less social euqality he desires. 



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